Introduction: Sepsis is defined as a potentially fatal organ dysfunction caused by an insufficient response in controlling the infectious agents involved. Due to the increasing number of cases, high mortality rate and high cost of treating sepsis, it has become a public health problem. Sepsis is among the main diseases involved in the onset of acute lung injury (ALI), since the lung is one of the organs most commonly affected. Objective: Histopathological evaluation and determination of surfactant protein type-b (sp-b) expression in the lungs of septic rats treated with ceftriaxone and antioxidants. Methodology: A total of 70 male Wistar rats (200-350g) were used to compose seven experimental groups (n=10/group). Of these, 40 were submitted to induction of sepsis by Cecal Ligation and Puncture (CLP) and subdivided into the treated: I) Distilled water (5 ml/kg; i.p.) = CLP+AD; II) ceftriaxone (30 mg/kg; i.p.) = CLP+ATB; III) antioxidants (A. Ascorbic acid 50mg/kg, NAC 10mg/kg and Alpha tocopherol 20mg/kg; i.p) = CLP+ATO; IV) ceftrianone (30 mg/kg; i.p.) and antioxidants (Ascorbic A 50mg/kg, NAC 10mg/kg and alpha tocopherol 20mg/kg; i.p) = CLP+ATO+ATB. The SHAM group (control) was composed of three groups (n=10/group), which underwent the same surgical procedure without inducing sepsis and were treated in the same way as CLP: I) SHAM+DA; II) SHAM+ATB; III) SHAM+ATB+ATO. After 24 hours of the procedure, the animals received the treatment for five consecutive days. During this period, the animals were observed for functional/physiological characteristics and, at the end, they were anesthetized for blood collection, determination of the hematological profile and then euthanized by anesthetic deepening to collect the left lower lung lobe for histomorphometric evaluation (quantification of neutrophils, macrophages , lymphocytes, type II pneumocytes, alveoli and 'determination of alveolar area and thickness of alveolar septa) and determination of SP-B protein expression by Western Blot. Results: The percentage of experimental mortality in the septic group was 21.42%, which made it possible to continue the groups with n=6. The survival rate of the CLP groups varied significantly (P<0.05) according to the type of treatment and observation time: CLP+AD (48h – 50.67%; 72h – 50.67%; 84h – 50, 67% and 96h – 50.67%); CLP+ACT (84h – 68% and 96h – 68%); CLP+ATB (48h - 34%; 72h – 34%; 84h – 34% and 96h – 18%) when compared to the SHAM+AD group at the same times. As for the physiological characteristics, the septic animals treated with ATO or ATB+ATO showed a significant improvement (P<0.05) in the condition of mobility, lethargy and diarrhea compared to the CLP+AD group. In the hematological evaluation, the platelet count (103/dL) was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the CLP+ATB group (331.33±131) and this decrease was not verified in the CLP+ATB groups (627± 25.32) and CLP+ATB+ATO (437.33± 97.88) when compared to SHAM+AD (429± 69). As for histomorphometry, it was verified that the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue of animals treated with ATO or ATB+ATO did not present a significant difference compared to the SHAM+AD group, on the other hand, animals treated with CLP+AD or ATB showed a significant increase (P<0.05) of inflammatory cells compared to that observed in SHAM+AD. Regarding the number of type II pneumocytes, the groups treated with ATO or ATB+ATO showed no significant difference compared to SHAM+AD. However, the one treated with ATB alone significantly reduced the amount of type II pneumocytes in this group compared to all others. The alveolar quantity in the CLP animals treated with ATO alone were similar to those verified in the SHAM+AD and CLP+ATB+ATO groups. The septic animals treated with ATB had a greater number of alveoli, but with a smaller alveolar area compared to the other groups. In turn, the alveolar area in the septic groups treated with ATB; ATO or ATB+ATO exhibit significantly smaller area compared to SHAM+AD. With regard to the thickness of the alveolar septa of animals treated with ATO or ATB+ATO, these were similar to SHAM+AD. This fact was not verified in septic animals treated with ATB alone, which presented septal thickness greater than those observed in animals treated with ATO or ATO+ATB. Conclusion: Given the above, antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine) when administered intraperitoneally in an animal model of sepsis, associated or not with an antibiotic, seem to promote the conservation of the histological structures present in the pulmonary matrix even when subjected to injuries resulting from this infectious disease, and increases the survival of animals that received these treatments.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic microorganism associated with several nosocomial infections and which has numerous strategies to resist the action of antimicrobials. Given this fact, the research for new drugs, as well as new therapeutic approaches such as combinations of antimicrobials, are necessary. Following this guideline, the present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of lapachol, β-lapachone and six antimicrobials (ampicillin/sulbactam, cefepime, ciprofloxacin gentamicin, meropenem and polymyxin B) against nine strains of Acinetobacter baumannii which resistance phenotypes were previously determined to carbapenems. In a second step, the effect of β-lapachone-antimicrobial associations was evaluated, using the checkerboard method. The criteria used for this evaluation were defined by the values of the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (ICFI). Among the naphthoquinones, β-lapachone was the most effective, with an MIC of 512 μg/mL. Acinetobacter baumannii strains were sensitive to polymyxin B and resistant to most of the antimicrobials evaluated. FICI values ranged from 0.06 to 0.5, suggesting a synergistic effect against cabapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii strains. An additive effect was observed for the association β-lapachone-cefepime and β-lapachone-meropenem for strains LFBM 06 and LFBM 21 respectively. This study demonstrated that β-lapachone associated with beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones and carbapenems, acts synergistically to inhibit cabapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii strains.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a musculoskeletal syndrome characterized by diffuse and chronic pain associated with other symptoms such as fatigue, sleep/cognition disorders, headache, depression, and anxiety, resulting from a change in pain processing. Some working has shown an increase in some interleukins (IL1, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL17 and TNF- α) in patients with FM when compared to controls, however, there is still no uniformity and consensus in the results. It is known that patients with FM have a higher frequency of obesity compared to the general population and recent studies have shown an increase in interleukin 8 (IL8) in patients with obesity as well as in FM. There is no study evaluating IL8 in FM and association with obesity and other clinical parameters. To verify the impact of IL8 gene expression on the clinical parameters of patients with FM and compare whether IL8 gene expression is increased in relation to the comparison group (CG). Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive and analytical study, carried out from August to December 2021, with the sample of cases consisting of patients diagnosed with FM (GFM) treated at the rheumatology service of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Pernambuco (HC-UFPE). The CG was composed of patients' companions and hospital staff. Clinical and demographic data were collected in both groups, in addition to weight and height for calculating the Body Mass Index (BMI), application of questionnaires for: fatigue (Functional assessment of chronic illness therapy), depression (Beck depression inventory), sleep (numerical sleep scale) and impact of FM (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire Revised) and peripheral blood collection for evaluation of IL8 gene expression analyzed through the difference between the target gene (IL8) and the endogenous control gene (B-actin). Study variables were: expression of IL8, sex, age, race, physical activity, duration of illness, occupational situation, comorbidities, use of medications, values of questionnaires for fatigue, sleep, depression and impact of fibromyalgia. Patients with FM did not show a higher frequency of IL8 gene expression compared to the CG, but among individuals who express IL8, the FM group had a higher gene expression. There was no association of IL8 with worse FIQ-R indices, sleep disturbance, BMI or fatigue, but there was an association with depression, where expressing IL8 showed worse indices in BDI (p= 0.002). Patients with FM do not have a higher frequency of IL8 expression compared to CG and patients with IL8 expression
have a greater association with moderate depression than patients who do not express IL8.

Introdução: A Eletromiografia de superfície (EMGs) caracteriza-se por ser uma ferramenta de fácil aplicação e sensível para captação de atividades musculares. Objetivo: Analisar o uso de filtros digitais para melhor condicionamento dos sinais de EMGs, a fim de monitorar os músculos respiratórios em pacientes em oxigenoterapia com COVID-19 internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Metodologia: Analisamos uma coorte de pacientes com COVID-19 submetidos à análise de sEMG respiratória em uso de oxigenoterapia de baixo fluxo, sob registro do clinical trials (NCT05572853). Foram desenvolvidas estratégias para melhor condicionamento dos sinais, em conjuntos de filtros (filtro Notch de 60Hz e filtro passa-banda entre 20-500Hz) através do Software (Scilab 6.1.1). Todos os registros mioelétricos respiratórios foram separados em dois momentos: pré-filtro e pós-filtro, analisados por meio da RMS e EMGmax do esternocleidomastóideo, escalenos, diafragma e reto abdominal. Resultados: Foram incluídos 10 pacientes com idade de 45.3 ± 6.1 anos, sendo 8 do sexo masculino. Ao comparar os valores de RMS e EMGmax em todos os músculos respiratórios avaliados, observamos reduções significativas nos sinais (P < 0.001*). Demonstrados em maiores valores para menores da RMS nos músculos avaliados pré-filtro e pós-filtro, observamos divergências no 2º músculo mais acionado, tornando estes pré-filtro: diafragma e pós-filtro: esternocleidomastóideo. Conclusão: Visando explorar com excelência o drive neural respiratório por meio de sEMG e pretendendo analisar dados qualitativamente confiáveis, observamos que o uso de filtros digitais repercute no melhor condicionamento dos sinais respiratórios de sEMG na UTI.

Introduction: Anthracycline chemotherapy treatment is associated with cardiotoxicity. Echocardiography is a useful tool in the detection of early myocardial injury. The electrocardiogram still has no established role in this scenario. Objective: To analyze the association between electrocardiographic changes and the development of subclinical cardiotoxicity in cancer patients undergoing treatment with anthracycline. Methods: Prospective cohort of cancer patients treated with anthracycline. Transthoracic echocardiograms with global longitudinal strain and electrocardiogram were performed before the start of treatment, at 3 and 6 months of follow-up to assess the presence or absence of subclinical cardiotoxicity, defined by a relative drop in global longitudinal strain greater than 15% in relation to the initial measurement. on at least one echocardiogram. Fisher's exact test was applied to assess this association. Results: Of the 33 patients included (mean age = 49 ± 9.5 years), 23 had breast cancer. Eight (24.24%) had incipient cardiotoxicity. QTc in women was higher than baseline at 6 months by both Bazett and Fridericia (p = 0.011 and p =0.038, respectively). There was an association, in women, between QTc > 460ms (corrected by Bazett) at 3 months and a drop in global longitudinal strain >15% in this period (p=0.043). Conclusion: The presence of QTc > 460ms at 3 months in women was associated with subclinical cardiotoxicity.

The diagnosis of cardiotoxicity has been a challenge in the daily routine of the oncologist. Today's diagnostic methods are not capable of detecting this clinical condition early enough. In this context, studies indicate that 18F-FDG PET/CT is a complementary test that can identify cardiotoxicity earlier. In this way, cardioprotection measures can be started earlier, improving the chances of increasing patient survival. Objective: To evaluate the behavior of the standardized uptake value (SUV) of the radiopharmaceutical 18F-FDG before, during and after chemotherapy (QT) at different cardiac sites, as well as to measure the degree of reproducibility for the method in the context of cancer treatment follow-up. Materials and Methods: Retrospective cohort including lymphoma patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT before, during and/or after chemotherapy. The uptake behavior through the mean and maximum SUVs was evaluated in four cardiac sites and in control sites in the aorta and liver. Twenty exams were randomized for reproducibility analysis by two examiners who were blinded to each other's results. Each one of them did the evaluation in a second moment to elucidate the intra-observer reproducibility. Results: A significant increase in SUVs was observed in all cardiac sites in the interim and final moments (post-terminus of QT) when compared with pre-QT SUVs. The left ventricular (LV) free wall was the cardiac region with the greatest increase in 18F-FDG uptake. As for the reproducibility, it was possible to verify substantial results for the reliability of the measurement of SUVs, both intra and inter-observer. Conclusions: Cardiac uptake of 18F-FDG increased along QT, with the LV free wall being the site with the greatest increase. The reproducibility analysis showed high intra- and inter-observer correlation values.

Changes in eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle over the last few years have influenced the increase in obesity, considered a worldwide epidemic. The increase in energy supply through a diet rich in simple carbohydrates, lipids and low in fiber, linked to the reduction of physical activity, called contemporary western lifestyle, triggers metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, among others. In this context, the purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of the polar fraction of the extract of aerial parts of Parkinsonia aculeata L. (PfrEHPA) on RAS components and on oxidative stress markers in the cardiac tissue of male Wistar rats after weaning ( 21 days) initially divided into two groups that received a standard diet for rodents (Presence ®) or a “Westernized” diet (OD) for 150 days. Then, these animals were divided into 5 subgroups which were treated orally for 30 consecutive days with PfrEHPA (70 or 140 mg/kg/day), metformin (500 mg/kg/day) or distilled water (10 mL/day). kg/day). During the 150 days of diet consumption, the weekly food consumption, weight evolution, body dimensions and lipid profile of the animals were recorded. These same parameters were determined again after the treatment described above. At the end of the experiment (180 days) blood samples were collected to determine the hematological and biochemical profile. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized under anesthesia and decapitation and then the organs were weighed and stored, part in formalin (10%) for later histological and immunohistochemical analysis, and part stored in a freezer with a temperature maintained at -80ºC, which was used for the analysis of oxidative extraction. Our results showed that animals submitted to the Westernized Diet showed signs of metabolic syndrome (increased waist circumference, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia). The change in the lipid profile of the DO group was evidenced by a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum levels of total cholesterol (91 ± 1.57), LDL (37.2 ± 2.05) and triglycerides (135, 67 ± 2.09) in relation to the PD group (64.67 ± 1.16 ; 23.67 ± 1.88 and 75 ± 4.01, respectively). These animals also showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in fasting glucose (mg/dl) compared to animals that ingested PD. The treatment with PfrEHPA (140 mg/kg), even with the continued consumption of the westernized diet by the animals (150th – 180th days), promoted a significant reduction in the levels of total cholesterol (62.33±0.80), LDL (21 .70±0.63) and triglycerides (68.16±0.79) in relation to the untreated OD group (92±0.73; 37.77±1.45 and 141.17±1.14, respectively). Additionally, treatment with PfrEHPA (140 mg/kg) also reduced serum glucose levels, systolic blood pressure and levels of oxidative stress in the cardiac tissue of these animals.