Performance of Indirect Reference Evapotranspiration Estimate Models (ETo) and Georereferenced Comparison with Orbital Data in Pernambuco
reference evapotranspiration; indirect models; Penman-Monteith; remote sensing; ET MOD16
Evapotranspiration is one of the main components of the hydrological cycle, which stands out due to its importance in supplying water to the atmosphere, providing the simultaneous occurrence of soil evaporation and plant transpiration with a portion transferred to the atmosphere, which influences the water balance. This work aims to evaluate the performance of different indirect models for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in the sertão of Pernambuco, more specifically in three cities: Floresta, Ibimirim and Serra Talhada. The Penman-Monteith model, considered by FAO as standard, and the Benevides-Lopez, Camargo, Hamon, Hargreaves-Samani, Klarrufa, JensenHaise, Makkink, Priestley-Taylor, Solar radiation and Turc models were used, in addition to evapotranspiration data from the MODIS sensor (Terra/Aqua), estimated by the MOD16 algorithm. The data used to estimate the ETo were obtained from INMET's automatic meteorological stations. Linear regression was applied to analyze the correlation (r) between the ETo estimated by the ten models and the standard model, as well as the standard estimation error, the Willmott agreement index (d) and the performance index (c). The results show that the Jensen-Haise model obtained the best performance in estimating ETo in relation to the standard model, with classification “Very good” for Floresta and Ibimirim, and “Good” for Serra Talhada. The Makkink model also satisfactorily estimated the ETo for the study region. The other models showed unsatisfactory performance, with use restrictions for local climatic conditions. The MODIS sensor data revealed an overestimation of the ET for Floresta and Serra Talhada, and an underestimate of the ET for Ibimirim, on an annual scale. However, the sensor images have the advantage of representing the spatial distribution of evapotranspiration in the sertão of Pernambuco. In all cities, there was a better correlation of the MOD16 product (scale of 8 days) for the dry period, due to the lower cloud cover in the period.