Experimental Analysis of the Geomechanical Behavior of Fractures in Synthetic Carbonate Rocks
Synthetic carbonate rock. Induced Fracture. Direct shear strength
The study of the properties of carbonate rocks is of great importance, because they are associated with significant oil and gas reserves all over the world. The carbonate reservoirs were reinvigorated in Brazil after the discovery of the pre-salt layer, so the objective of the synthesis of carbonate rocks in the laboratory is to simulate the natural matrix of the carbonate rock in relation to the main factors involved in the lithification process, such as the size and shape of the grains, sample dimensions, pressure applied in the compaction, among others. With this, the fabrication of specimens is allowed to reproduce future tests under extreme conditions, replacing some obstacles of obtaining high-cost natural samples. The use of synthetic samples results in more uniform samples, allowing for greater repeatability of the tests. From a geomechanical point of view, fractures act as focusing agents for mechanical properties and the study of the contribution of these fractures in carbonate rocks, whether natural or induced, considers the efficiency of reservoirs as a function of the nature of these rocks. In this work, analyzes were carried out to characterize the rocks and the value of the simple compressive strength of the synthetic rock, which classified it as a moderately hard carbonate rock, in accordance with the purpose of the work. In the qualitative analysis of porosity, computed tomography scans were used to understand the internal structure of the rocks before and after shearing, as well as analyzes using a porosimeter test. The main objective was to analyze the parameters of direct shear strength at the surface of artificially induced fractures of carbonate rocks. Thus, the study of the Mohr-Coulomb criterion was carried out to determine the shear strength through the direct shear test with a special shear cell, designed to couple the cylindrical rock sample with induced fracture in the shear press. The test campaign carried out allowed the determination of the strength parameters of the material studied based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion.