Banca de DEFESA: ALICE JADNEIZA GUILHERME DE ALBUQUERQUE ALMEIDA

Uma banca de DEFESA de DOUTORADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
STUDENT : ALICE JADNEIZA GUILHERME DE ALBUQUERQUE ALMEIDA
DATE: 27/02/2024
TIME: 08:30
LOCAL: Pós-Graduação Engenharia Civil
TITLE:

Application of Biochar From Açaí and Wood Waste in Sanitary Landfill Coverage Layers to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions

KEY WORDS:

Landfills. Gas emissions. Cover Layers. Biochar

PAGES: 172
BIG AREA: Engenharias
AREA: Engenharia Civil
SUMMARY:

The uncontrolled emission of gases from landfills is a constant concern, which affects local and global levels, since the release of biogas (essentially composed of carbon dioxide-45% and methane-65%) into the atmosphere is one of the main factors that contribute to the greenhouse effect. As a way to minimize environmental impacts, the application of technologies and processes can improve waste disposal methods, allow the use of these gases, as well as reduce the amount of biomass deposited in landfills. In this context, the present work proposes to present an alternative for controlling fugitive emissions in landfills, using waste from açaí processing and pruning wood residues resulting from maintenance activities in urban centers, in order to minimize environmental impacts. and add value to waste. In this way, biochar was produced with these biomasses that would be discarded, for application in soil mixtures, and its subsequent use in final covering layers of landfills to retain biogas. To analyze the relevance of the topic and the novelty of biochar applications in the final covering layers of landfills, a bibliometric study was initially carried out on the topic over the last 10 years across the world. In practical and laboratory terms, biochar was produced from açaí seeds and wood waste, using a gasifier. These biochars (3% mass/mass ratio) were mixed with soil. The testing program was carried out through: physical characterization of natural soil samples and mixtures with biochars (granulometry, real specific mass of grains, consistency limits); microstructural characterization of biochars (Microscopy, SEM, Infrared and XRD Diffraction) and geotechnical characterization of natural soil and mixtures (compaction, shear resistance, water and gas permeability and suction characteristic curve). After the geotechnical tests, three columns were assembled, one with pure soil and the other two with soil mixtures with different biochars, and their behavior was observed when subjected to a flow of methane gas. The application of biochar to the soil provided the material with an increase in the void content and, consequently, an increase in its porosity. This factor meant that samples with biochars showed greater water retention, with air and water permeability of the order of 10-8 m/s. This increase in water retention capacity, provided by biochars, is in turn a favorable point for landfills, as it can contribute to reducing the occurrence of cracks in the covering layers and, consequently, reducing fugitive emissions, a relevant factor mainly in landfills located in arid areas, where there is low rainfall. The insertion of biochars into the soil did not present a considerable change in geotechnical properties, which is a relevant point for their application in landfills. As for the column tests, the insertion of açaí biochar into the natural soil guaranteed an efficiency of 96,8% in methane retention, while biochar from wood waste showed an efficiency of 98,5% in methane retention, with biochar from waste made of wood, which presented the best performance in gas adsorption. Given these results, the application of soil mixtures with biochars suggests an alternative for solving these two urgent problems, the energy use of biomass and the control of fugitive emissions in landfills.

COMMITTEE MEMBERS:
Externo à Instituição - FERNANDO ANTONIO MEDEIROS MARINHO - USP
Externo à Instituição - FRANCISCO SUETONIO BASTOS MOTA - UFC
Externo à Instituição - GUSTAVO FERREIRA SIMOES - UFMG
Presidente - 1413233 - LEONARDO JOSE DO NASCIMENTO GUIMARAES
Externo à Instituição - MARCOS GOMES GHISLANDI - UFRPE