Multiscale and Multilevel Methods with Non Uniform Levels and Control of non Physical Terms for the Simulation of Two Phase Flows in Highly Heterogeneous Petroleum Reservoirs
Algebraic Dynamic Multilevel Method with Non-Uniform levels (NU-ADM), Adaptation of Basis Functions in Multiscale methods, Adaptive Algebraic Multiscale Solver (A-AMS), Reservoir Simulation, Finite Volumes, Highly Heterogeneous Petroleum Reservoirs, Fully Implicit Simulation (FIM)
Currently, geocellular models of petroleum reservoirs can have sizes on the order of up to 10⁹ control volumes and, in general, dynamic simulation of these models at fine scales is limited in function of the associated considerable computational cost. In general, upscaling techniques are used to define less refined models that can be handled with available resources. These techniques consist of a kind of homogenization of the fine-scale parameters, which im-plies a loss of information and leads to low accuracy (compared to direct simulation on the fine scale), especially for media with high heterogeneity. On the latest decades, Multiscale Finite Volumes (MSFV) methods have been developed to minimize these losses. These techniques use auxiliary meshes, primal and dual on the coarse scale, to define the scale transfer operators, restriction and prolongation, and provide more accurate solutions than those obtained with upscaling techniques at low computational cost relative to the fine-scale direct solution. A major challenge for multiscale methods is modeling flow in very heterogeneous oil reservoirs. This is due to the use of reduced boundary conditions (RBCs) to decouple the global problem at the boundaries of the sub regions. i.e. coarse scale. These boundary conditions are at the core of multiscale methods, as they allow the scale transfer operators definition. However, the RBCs induce non-physical terms, negative transmissibilities, at the transmissibility matrix of the coarse scale, which can lead to spurious solutions. In this work, on the context of the AMS (Algebraic Multiscale Solver), we present two strategies to control non-physical terms: The first groups the volumes of the dual mesh and eliminates RBCs in problematic regions with high permeability contrasts that cross the boundary volumes of this mesh. The second uses the definition of non-uniform levels and maintain on fine scale the volumes that would generate large contributions to the non-physical terms in order to control the non-physical terms in the multilevel transmissibility matrix, as well as, well capturing the saturation front, resulting on the method we called Algebraic Dynamic Multilevel with Non Uniform Levels (NU-ADM). The proposed strategies were successfully applied to obtain approximate solutions of benchmarks that are considered challenging among authors in the field of scale transfer methods in porous media. We use two contexts for application: In the first, we apply our strategies with the Implicit Pressure Explicit Saturation (IMPES) method and use our methods to get an approximate pressure solution and solve the saturation field explicitly at the fine scale. In the second, we apply the strategy with non-uniform levels and the Fully Implicit Method (FIM), where both the pressure and saturation are solved monolithically at the non-uniform multilevel scale.