ASPECTS OF THE HAHÃINTESU MORPOSYNTAX: The language of the Manairisu Indians of the Guaporé Valley (South Nambikwara)
Morphosyntax. Hahãintesu. Nambikwára Language Family. Polysynthesis. Typology. Preservation.
This work describes the morphosyntax of Hahãintesu, one of the languages that make up the south branch of the Nambikwára linguistic family. This language is spoken by the Manairisu people, inhabitants of the Vale do Guaporé Indigenous Territory, located in the western region of the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Data collection, transcription and analysis were carried out between 2017 and 2019, in loco, resulting in approximately 250 hours of audio recordings and collection of written material. The Hahãintesu language is polysynthetic, characterized by an enormous capacity to aggregate many morphemes, in verbal and nominal roots through affixes, many of which, in other languages, exist only as free words. The main objective of this study was, therefore, to describe the types of lexical and grammatical affixes that operate within each of five classes of words identified for the language and to observe their functions. The work also investigated the order of the constituents through their distribution within clauses and the types of clauses available in the language. Preliminary work to describe the phonology of Hahãintesu was also carried out. The analysis and description were made based on the theoretical assumptions of modern, standard North American functional typology. Works carried out by other linguists who have studied Nambikwára languages were also fundamental for the establishment of an accurate descriptive and comparative analysis. In general terms, the study verified five classes of words used in the language, identifying and describing its main components. The study of syntax allowed us to understand the main types of clauses and how the components are distributed within them. This identification of the vowel and consonant segments, the syllable, and the tonal suprasegment, however, was preliminary and deserves more attention for a more precise future investigation. Finally, it is hoped that the Hahãintesu language will become better known and receive more attention from the authorities concerned with the preservation of endangered languages. This work may interest other researchers and teachers in preparing specific teaching material for the purposes of literacy work with the Manairisu in their own mother tongue Reading and writing are tools to preserve the language, important so that the speakers do not lose, like so many other indigenous peoples in Brazil, the ability to describe the world in their own language.