Shakespeare's dreams: adaptations and appropriations of the plays A Midsummer Night's Dream and The Tempest in Sandman (1988-1996)
Adaptation; Appropriation; Shakespeare; Comics; Graphic Novels.
The aim of this research is to analyze the adaptations of the plays A Midsummer Night's Dream (1600) and The Tempest (1611), by William Shakespeare, to the graphic novel Sandman (1988-1996), by Neil Gaiman. To carry out this study, it was firstly discussed the concept of adaptation as proposed by Linda Hutcheon (2011) and the concepts of adaptation and appropriation outlined by Julie Sanders (2006). After that, it was determined the terminology related to comic books, also it was presented a discussion about the process of cultural legitimization that this artistic manifestation has undergone since its emergence. Next, we worked with the modes of engagement proposed by Linda Hutcheon (2011), analyzing how these modes were used by Gaiman so that the adaptation in the comic book format was carried out. Finally, this research sought to understand how the compositional elements of comics influence the overall adaptation process. Our conclusion highlights that, in those adaptations, Neil Gaiman resorts to the use of appropriation strategies through which he reproduces the main themes of Shakespearean plays. Furthermore, it was identified that the most recurrent mode of engagement used by the author was "show ↔ show", typical among performing arts.