THE ROLE OF LOCATION AND AGLOMERATION ECONOMIES IN THE PROPENSION TO EXPORT AND IN THE COMMERCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE BRAZILIAN TRANSFORMATION INDUSTRY
international trade, agglomeration economies, export propensity, manufacturing industry.
The general objective of this work is to analyze the role of agglomeration economies and location in the performance and export propensity of the Brazilian manufacturing industry. To this end, it is specifically intended to analyze the effects that the location and the forces of agglomeration have on the propensity to export, as well as to understand the relationship between agglomerations and the value of exports. To meet the first specific objective, the period of analysis was the year 2019, and for the second, the period from 2008 to 2019 was used. Initially, the methodology used consists of the use of urbanization, specialization and export spillovers indices to measure the forces agglomerations in a Probit model, in addition, the Ellison and Glaeser agglomeration index will also be used in a gravitational structure model. The results point to positive effects of agglomeration economies on the propensity to export due to spillover effects. The fact that a municipality is located in a coastal region was also relevant for the propensity to export. Agglomerations also positively affect the value of exports, which indicates an improvement in trade performance. Thus, by way of conclusion, the results are in agreement with the literature. Furthermore, in addition to the importance of the theme for regional development and considering the scarcity of national studies that relate foreign trade to agglomeration economies, this work is even more relevant, especially for the study of international trade in Brazil.