HIGH RESOLUTION ELECTROCARDIOGRAM: A NEW TOOL FOR CLINICAL ANALYSIS.
Electrocardiogram, High Resolution, Small Potentials.
Heart diseases are the major cause of death in the contemporary world (LINDSTROM et al, 2022). In this context, electrocardiography, through the electrocardiogram (ECG) examination, has helped medical professionals in the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of the most diverse pathologies related to the heart. The common ECG is usually performed non-invasively, capturing the signals through electrodes on the chest surface. However, there are signals that are only acquired invasively in the myocardium (invasive ECG), because they have small enough amplitudes, to the point that when they reach the surface, in the patient's chest, they are not perceptible on the common ECG, in view of other signs or artifacts that exist there. One of these small-amplitude signals identifies conduction block in the bundle of His. This blockage in the bundle of His, or in the left or right atrioventricular conduction bundles, leads to a blockage or disruption of the electrical impulse that constricts the lower chambers of the heart, causing an irregular heartbeat. Conduction blocks usually have no symptoms, being a silent problem that can cause serious cardiac impairments over time. Many people don't need treatment unless they have underlying heart problems, depending on the severity. Treatments include medication or even pacemaker insertion. The purpose of this work is to create a system that uses high resolution signal capture techniques to obtain the ECG signal in the His bundle region, on the surface of the thorax, which currently can only be obtained invasively in the myocardium. For high resolution ECG acquisition, a high resolution A/D converter is used. A high-speed FPGA-based system is also used for data storage and processing. The MQTT protocol is also used for communication via Wi-Fi to a remote server, which performs monitoring and analysis in real time, through a Web portal, of the ECG signal with high resolution. So far, ECG capture by the system, in high resolution, and real-time plotting on a Web portal have been validated.