EVALUATION OF THE USE OF 25 kHz CURRENTS IN THE MEASUREMENT OF GROUNDING RESISTANCE OF SUBSTATION GRIDS.
Grounding; Grounding resistance; Grounding grid; Substation; Overhead ground wire; Electromagnetic coupling.
The connection of transmission lines overhead ground wires to the grounding grids of substations represents a division path for the current injected by the measurement equipment during grounding resistance measurements. The solution in these cases would be to disconnect the wires to perform the measurement. However, this is not always possible, leading to the need to adopt other strategies, such as using high-frequency earth meters. These earth meters promote the decoupling of the ground wires due to the increased impedance associated with high frequency. In this regard, the frequency of 25 kHz emerges as a possible solution for use in substation measurements. However, there are still few studies that evaluate the effects of this frequency in this application. Furthermore, there are no regulatory standards that establish criteria for the use of high-frequency equipment in these installations. This master thesis is inserted in this context, presenting an evaluation of some of the effects that the use of high frequency can have on arrangements typically used in substation grounding resistance measurements. A study was conducted to assess the response of ground grids to currents of 100 Hz and 25 kHz in terms of their impedance, as well as the occurrence of coupling between the voltage-current circuits and the current that flows through the ground wires. The simulations considered grids of varying dimensions and soils with a wide range of resistivity. The analyses indicated that there are conditions in which the results can present significant differences.