Optimization of the Operation of Pumping Systems and Reservoirs of Water Distribution Systems with Emphasis in Energy Efficiency
Water supply; Operational rules; Genetic Algorithm; Optimization
Electricity costs for pumping in water distribution systems represent the majority of operating expenses for the sector. Bringing improvements to increase the efficiency of these systems and consequently reducing these costs has been one of the great goals of several researchers and technicians in the water supply area. The large number of elements, which can change state at any time, generates a range of possibilities that makes it difficult to determine which operational scheme is more efficient. Defining the best operating rules for pumping systems is often a complex activity, for this reason all elements that make up the system must be taken into account when optimizing. In this context, the present work presents an optimization model for water distribution systems that combines the efficient use of reservoirs with the best operational rule for activating pumping systems. Using a Genetic Algorithm together with the EPANET hydraulic simulator and the new WNTR toolkit, the developed model aims to minimize the operational costs with electric energy in the supply systems. Working with two test networks known in the academic world, the results obtained indicated that, with a better use of the water storage infrastructure, it is possible to reduce the electric energy costs of the system as a whole.