FUEL CELL MANAGEMENT IN MICROGRID OPERATING IN OFF-GRID MODE.
Distributed energy resources, microgrids, fuel cell, battery storage system, state machine, fuzzy logic.
The current scenario in the energy system is driven by the insertion of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), which include Distributed Generation (DG) and Energy Storage Systems (ESS). In this context, a potential alternative for integrating DER with the electrical system are microgrids. The microgrid (MG) is capable of providing better reliability for system operation due to its plug-and-play characteristic, that is, the ability to operate in connected and disconnected modes from the main grid. For the microgrid to be capable to provide support for the integration of DERs, it is essential to have the presence of an energy management system (EMS), responsible for managing the energy resources that is part of the MG. With energy management, it is possible to guarantee the dispatch of each energy resource considering its restrictions, in addition to meeting any request associated with an operational or economic requirement. Aiming to evaluate the performance of the EMS on a MG, this work proposes to evaluate EMS strategies in an MG disconnected from the main grid, composed by a diesel generator, fuel cell (FC), battery energy storage system (BESS) and photovoltaic (PV) generation system. Therefore, the work considers two energy management strategies: state machine and fuzzy logic, implemented using the Matlab/Simulink computational tool. The objective of the strategies is to dispatch each MG energy resource when there is any disturbance associated with variations in generation or load. Furthermore, the strategies aim to operate the FC in the region of best efficiency with the support of BESS. Finally, based on the results operating the FC in the region of best efficiency reduces the consumption of oxygen and hydrogen and improves the voltage profile of the DC bus.