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Dissertations |
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1
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ÁLVARO ROBÉRIO DE SOUZA SÁ
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SOCIAL FUND AND CHILD MORTALITY: EVIDENCE OF A POLICY TO FIGHT POVERTY IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL
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Advisor : DANYELLE KARINE SANTOS BRANCO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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BLADIMIR CARRILLO BERMUDEZ
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DANYELLA JULIANA MARTINS DE BRITO
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DANYELLE KARINE SANTOS BRANCO
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Data: Feb 7, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The objective of this dissertation is to study the effects of the constitution of State Funds for Combating and Eradicating Poverty (FECEP) in the Northeast of Brazil, therefore, the reduction of poverty levels on infant mortality. To assess the effects of the policy sanctioned by the federal government in 2000 on child health, the impacts of the creation of social funds on infant, neonatal, post-neonatal and avoidable mortality rates in the Northeastern states were examined. In addition, the effects of the intervention on health conditions at birth and channels of poverty generation associated with infant mortality were verified.Using an empirical differences-in-differences strategy for the period 1996- 2015, robust for various periods and heterogeneous treatment, this research shows that the northeastern states that implemented social funds to combat misery experienced a significant reduction in both poverty levels and in the rates of infant mortality.The set of results provides suggestive evidence that the creation of social financing mechanisms, irrigated financially by the collection of taxes on luxury consumption, such as FECEP, can seriously help to reduce misery and, thereby, the infant mortality rates, thus translating into an important instrument of economic and social transformation for underdeveloped regions.
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2
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KELLY ALICE BARBOSA MACÊDO
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Essays on the effects of unequal distribution of work among families in Brazil
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Advisor : DANYELLA JULIANA MARTINS DE BRITO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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DANYELLA JULIANA MARTINS DE BRITO
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ROBERTA DE MORAES ROCHA
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STÉLIO LOMBARDI FILHO
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Data: Feb 28, 2022
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Show Abstract
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This dissertation is composed of two articles. In the first article, it is verified how families without work explain the composition of the poverty rate, in the period from 2012 to 2019. To this end, using data from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD), the polarization index was calculated , the poverty rate of families and, finally, their decomposition. The findings indicate that part of the increase in polarization results in an increase in the real rate of family non-work, while the variation in the poverty rate comes mainly from variations in the percentage of poor families without work. In the second article, we investigate the effect of jobless households on the results for young people in the labor market, from 2012 to 2019, using data from the PNAD Contínua. The results point to the presence of an effect of families without work on the income of young people, for men, on their probability of working and presenting an age-grade gap, for women and men.
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3
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THAMYRES FIRMINO GOMES DA SILVA
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Impact of Market Concentration on Salaries: Evidence for the Manufacturing Industry (2002-2017)
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Advisor : ROBERTA DE MORAES ROCHA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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DIANA LÚCIA GONZAGA DA SILVA
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EDILBERTO TIAGO DE ALMEIDA
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ROBERTA DE MORAES ROCHA
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WELLINGTON RIBEIRO JUSTO
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Data: Mar 4, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Existing theories about the labor market argue that the low bargaining capacity of workers caused by low qualifications and little spatial mobility can increase the market power of companies that use this factor to reduce wages. Empirical evidence of the association between market concentration is focused on developed countries, leaving the analysis limited to countries with recent industrialization. In this way, the present work estimates the impact of labor market concentration, measured through the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (IHH), on the average wages of workers in the Manufacturing Industry, for the period 2002-2017, using microdata from RAIS/ME. About 78.49% of highly concentrated establishments represent 87.83% of national employment. The results showed that a 1% increase in labor market concentration is associated with a 0.089% reduction in average real wages, with no significant wage differentials between municipalities with absolute monopsony power and those with a degree of concentration lower than one.
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4
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ROMÁRIO FERREIRA DA SILVA
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EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF PRODEPE ON EMPLOYMENT IN THE PERNAMBUCA INDUSTRY
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Advisor : KLEBSON HUMBERTO DE LUCENA MOURA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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KLEBSON HUMBERTO DE LUCENA MOURA
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LEANDRO WILLER PEREIRA COIMBRA
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MARCIO MICELI MACIEL DE SOUSA
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Data: Mar 10, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The research aimed to investigate the relationship between employment growth and variables related to the PRODEPE (Pernambuco State Development Program) tax incentive and the ICMS transfer to the municipalities of Pernambuco, in addition to verifying the existence of causality between the variables . To achieve this objective, data from different sources were used, such as the Pernambuco Economic Development Agency (Ad Diper), the Pernambuco Finance Department (Sefaz PE) and the Annual Social Information Report (RAIS). The data were worked through an empirical Panel Data strategy, together with the Granger causality concept to relate the expected investment, expected employment and the forecast of creation of firms, all related to companies benefited by PRODEPE, with the employment of the Pernambuco industry. In addition, this same relationship was worked on for the transfer of ICMS to the municipalities of Pernambuco with the employment of the industry. The results pointed to a positive relationship between the forecast of investments by companies benefiting from PRODEPE and the transfer of ICMS to the municipalities for the employment of the industry in Pernambuco. Causality was also found in Granger for the transfer of ICMS with employment, however, this effect was only found when considering the regions closest to the Metropolitan Region of Recife.
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5
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LUÍZA LUANA DE BARROS
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AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS, HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION AND THE LABOR MARKET: Empirical Evidence for Brazil between 2002 and 2015
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Advisor : MONALIZA DE OLIVEIRA FERREIRA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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DANYELLE KARINE SANTOS BRANCO
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JOAO RICARDO FERREIRA DE LIMA
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MONALIZA DE OLIVEIRA FERREIRA
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Data: Apr 27, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The general objective of the work is to evaluate the empirical relationships of causality between agricultural exports, the accumulation of human capital and the labor market based on annual state data for the period from 2002 to 2015. To this end, two tests were carried out to : (i) to examine the effects of primary goods exports on human capital accumulation and (ii) to investigate the effect of agricultural exports on the agricultural and non-agricultural labor market, both using the Instrumental Variables Method. The main data used were collected from the Export Secretariat of the Ministry of Industry, Foreign Trade and Services (MDIC), from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD), from the National Institute of Meteorology through the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (INMET) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). As a result, from the first essay, it was possible to observe that exports of primary goods negatively affected Brazilian education, since for every 1% increase in the share of primary exports, there is a decline of approximately 0,04% in the average of years of education. schooling, in addition to being a significant factor for the increase in dropout in secondary and higher education. In addition, the possibility was raised that the educational investment policy was not being effective, as well as acting negatively on the continuity of the student in education after basic education. As for the second trial, the main results revealed that agricultural export exposure significantly expanded agricultural employment, proving to be a strong factor in boosting rural income. However, there was a negative effect of this exposure on the level of non-farm employment. Therefore, the growth of agricultural exports feeds the sector itself, without generating a positive and significant diffusion for the others, provoking a stimulus to non-industrialization. In this way, primary exports behaved as a setback factor for Brazilian development.
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6
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ANA CAROLINA DA SILVA AGUIAR
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THE IMPACT OF FUNDEB TRANSFERS ON EXPENDITURE WITH EDUCATION IN BRAZILIAN MUNICIPALITIES
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Advisor : WELLINGTON RIBEIRO JUSTO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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LAERCIO DAMIANE CERQUEIRA DA SILVA
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ROBERTA DE MORAES ROCHA
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WELLINGTON RIBEIRO JUSTO
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Data: May 23, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The theory of fiscal federalism indicates that spending in a specific area can increase less than the transfers made to that area, with the rest of the transfers spent to finance other goods and services, or to reduce tax collection. This issue is known as the fungibility effect of transfers. In that sense, the The objective of this work is to estimate, from quantile regressions with fixed effects for panel data, between the period 2013 and 2018, the response of municipal expenditures in education to Funded conditional transfers, seeking to verify that the resources are, in fact, being directed towards education services. Furthermore, it was estimated other models to give robustness to the results. The results of the regression model quantile with fixed effects indicate that for every R$1 increase in transfers Fundeb, R$ 0.38/capita is allocated to other expenses, considering the highest quantile education spending. Therefore, based on the results found, it is concluded that there is evidence of fungibility in Fundeb transfers, thereby reducing the quality of education and, in the long run, harming economic development.
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7
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RAFAELA CAMILA DA SILVA FERREIRA
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ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTIVITY AWARD POLICIES IN BRAZILIAN PUBLIC SCHOOLS: MANAGEMENT CONTRIBUTIONS PERNAMBUCO EDUCATIONAL
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Advisor : WELLINGTON RIBEIRO JUSTO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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GUERINO EDÉCIO DA SILVA FILHO
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MONALIZA DE OLIVEIRA FERREIRA
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WELLINGTON RIBEIRO JUSTO
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Data: May 30, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the policy for wage premium on productivity on performance of professors and staff in the public schools of the state of Pernambuco during the period 2013-2019. For the evaluation of the policy, it was estimated a model of difference-indifferences (DiD) on the grades of the subjects of portuguese and mathematics. For the estimation of the model, data from the System SAEB (Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica), administered by INEP (Instituto Nacional de Estudos Pedagógicos) were used for the public schools of the state of Pernambuco. For the selection of schools treated in the model, data from the Secretaria de Educação de Pernambuco were used for the years 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019.This evaluation will be made through a model of difference in differences (DiD), which will be runned in its most modern version developed by the updated papers quoted in the references of this dissertation. The estimation of the DiD model for evaluating the wage premium was made following recent theoretical contributions for its improvment published in the international and national literatures. The theoretical basis of this literature was taken as framework for the empirical methodology followed in the study. The effect of the premium policy on the performance of students in the grades of math and portuguese in the basic and high school networks and in the IDEB (Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica) grades were analysed. Robust texts conducted showed that the wage premium policy of the state Government of Pernambuco, which started in 2008, was effective in increasing the grades of students in the subjects of portuguese and mathematics in 8.47 and 8.42, respectively, in the state schools which were chosen to receive the wage premium of the policy. For the IDEB, the increase was 1.71 points in the final grades and 1.49 in state high schools benefitted.
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8
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FERNANDA SOUZA PEREIRA
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TESTS ON CONSUMPTION AND INCOME STRUCTURES OF THE CULTURAL GOODS AND SERVICES SECTOR IN BRAZIL
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Advisor : DANYELLA JULIANA MARTINS DE BRITO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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DANYELLA JULIANA MARTINS DE BRITO
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MARCUS VINICIUS AMARAL E SILVA
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MARIA FERNANDA FREIRE GATTO PADILHA
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MONALIZA DE OLIVEIRA FERREIRA
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Data: Jun 17, 2022
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Show Abstract
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This dissertation consists of two articles that seek to investigate the Brazilian cultural sector. The first article aims to evaluate the factors that are associated with the consumption of direct cultural goods and services outside the home, considering such consumption as interconnected with the consumption of other cultural goods and services, through a bivariate probit analysis. For this, data from the Household Budget Survey (POF) from 2017-2018 are used. Overall, the results obtained for the model indicate that the consumption of direct cultural goods and services outside the home and the consumption of other cultural goods and services are positively correlated, highlighting the issue of inequality in cultural consumption due to certain social barriers (education, income, access to credit, among others). An indicator of cultural amenities is also developed, focusing on differences in the supply of cultural facilities in Brazilian metropolitan regions. For this purpose, data from the 2018 Municipal Basic Information Survey (MUNIC) are used. The results of the indicator confirm the presence of regional inequalities in access to the cultural facilities examined. The second article aims to assess the intersectoral impact of artistic and cultural activities on other sectors of the Brazilian economy. First, such an analysis is conducted by weighing the effects of Covid-19, which allows identifying how the sector was affected, in terms of product, employment and income. Next, the relevance of the cultural sector is evaluated considering the different family income groups. For this, the input-output approach is used, with the most recent Brazilian data matrix from 2015 and information from the POF. The main results point out that a crisis, such as that of Covid-19, considering only the effect on the cultural sector, has an impact of reducing the product of cultural activities by 31.8%, equivalent to a loss of 237,701 jobs. This result signals the relevance of the sector to the Brazilian economy. Furthermore, lower-income families, a group representing more than 70% of households, are responsible for only 28% of all Brazilian families' demand for the cultural sector; while families in the highest income strata, which represent less than 3% of households, consume 22% of the sector. This result points to the importance of public policies being developed in order to stimulate consumption among lower-income groups, since, in addition to the economic benefits shown in this research, there are intangible benefits of cultural activity for a society.
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9
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JOÃO GUILHERME VASCONCELOS DE SOUSA
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THE ROLE OF LOCATION AND AGLOMERATION ECONOMIES IN THE PROPENSITY TO EXPORT AND IN THE COMMERCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE BRAZILIAN TRANSFORMATION INDUSTRY
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Advisor : MONALIZA DE OLIVEIRA FERREIRA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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MONALIZA DE OLIVEIRA FERREIRA
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DANYELLA JULIANA MARTINS DE BRITO
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MARCIO MICELI MACIEL DE SOUSA
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Data: Aug 1, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The general objective of this work is to analyze the role of agglomeration economies and location in the performance and export propensity of the Brazilian manufacturing industry. To this end, it is intended specifically the effects that the location and as an agglomeration analysis have on the propensity to export, as well as understand the relationship between agglomerations and the value of exports. To meet the specific objective, the first period of analysis was the year 219, and for the second, the period from 2008 to 2019 was used. Glaeser in a gravitational structure model. The results point to positive effects of export propensity economies due to spillover effects. The fact that a municipality is located in a coastal region is also relevant for the propensity to export. The agglomerations also the expected performance of the value of exports, indicates an improvement in trade performance. Thus, by way of conclusion, the results are in agreement with the literature. In addition, the importance of the regional theme and considering Brazil beyond the development studies that the foreign relationship with the agglomeration economies, this work is even more relevant national, especially for the study of international trade.
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10
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AMANDA STEFFANY DA SILVA ARAUJO
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IMPORTANCE OF THE BOLSA FAMÍLIA PROGRAM IN THE PERFORMANCE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE STATE OF PERNAMBUCO
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Advisor : ALANE ALVES SILVA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ALANE ALVES SILVA
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MARCIO MICELI MACIEL DE SOUSA
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MONALIZA DE OLIVEIRA FERREIRA
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Data: Aug 18, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Income inequality is an old social problem in Brazil and in the world, since ancient times philosophers and economists have thought of solutions to this problem. In Brazil millions of Brazilians are affected every year because of this disparity, in view of this, several projects were designed to alleviate this social problem. Conditional cash transfer programs have been implemented since the 1990s in Brazil with the aim of bringing social well-being to the underprivileged. In the 2000s, the unification of these programs was suggested, resulting in 2003 in the Bolsa Família Program, which was considered one of the best conditional cash transfer programs in the world, according to experts. The program ended in October 2021 and was replaced by Auxílio Brasil. The Bolsa Família, in its 18 years of duration, imposed conditionalities on the beneficiaries in the field of health and education to receive the income transfer. This work aims to analyze how the conditionalities of the Bolsa Família program in the area of education influenced the performance of students benefiting from the Program in the final years of elementary school, specifically the performance of students registered in CadÚnico in the state of Pernambuco will be analyzed. Among the results, the importance of the Bolsa Família Program and the conditionality of education for the poorest stratum of the population was found, this result was seen after the analysis of the regressions in which the numbers show that being a beneficiary of the program increases the average of students, from the 5th and 9th grade of elementary school, in Portuguese and Mathematics subjects in all treated years. For example, in the 5th year in 2015, the average in mathematics of the beneficiary student increased by 1,072 points for being within the program and fulfilling the education conditionality; another significant example was that over the years being black had a negative influence on the grade (given the great interracial social inequality existing in the country) but with the continuity of income transfer this scenario changed in 2019 for 5th grade students who obtained an increase of 4,566 on average in math. Keywords: Public Policies, Bolsa Família, Education
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11
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JOSÉ EDSON ALVES DE LIMA FILHO
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OFERTA DE SERVIÇOS PÚBLICOS E ELEIÇÃO: Modelo Eleitoral à Luz da Teoria da Decisão
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Advisor : ALANE ALVES SILVA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ALANE ALVES SILVA
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MARCIO MICELI MACIEL DE SOUSA
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MONALIZA DE OLIVEIRA FERREIRA
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Data: Aug 29, 2022
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Show Abstract
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O presente trabalho discute a relação e as consequências da utilização da oferta de serviços públicos com viés eleitoral. É analisado como governantes, sujeitos a processos eleitorais e buscando otimizar sua chance de reeleição ou de formarem sucessor, decidem quanto e para quais setores da sociedade serão ofertados bens-públicos e leis. Para tal, é utilizado como base o trabalho desenvolvido por Downs (1999), que estrutura o processo eleitoral em sociedades democráticas sob fundamentos microeconômicos e assim é proposto um modelo teórico embasado na chamada Teoria da Decisão. A literatura de ciclos políticos-econômicos e os modelos de War of Attrition e Political-losers referenciam as hipóteses do modelo.
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12
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JOÃO CARLOS FERNANDES DE OLIVEIRA
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“PROFESSOR ME DÊ UM PONTO!”: Uma análise da retenção como estratégia de desempenho para as Instituições de ensino superior.
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Advisor : LEANDRO WILLER PEREIRA COIMBRA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ANDREZA DANIELA PONTES LUCAS
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KLEBSON HUMBERTO DE LUCENA MOURA
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LEANDRO WILLER PEREIRA COIMBRA
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Data: Aug 30, 2022
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Show Abstract
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A retenção do estudante no ensino superior é apresentada como algo maléfico para a instituição e para o estudante, mas seria isso verdade? As características por trás da retenção e do desempenho acadêmico evidenciam que o resultado do ensino médio e o nível de esforço aplicado são fatores chaves para entender o comportamento dos estudantes ao longo da trajetória acadêmica deles. Enquanto a instituição tem o trabalho de avaliar o nível de aprendizado do todos os estudantes. Utilizando teoria dos jogos, o trabalho visa em tentar compreender a dinâmica da instituição e estudante através de um jogo sequencial com equilíbrio bayesiano separador, em que a instituição tenta utilizar a retenção como uma estratégia de aumentar o desempenho dos universitários. Para a estratégia empírica foi utilizado Modelos de Regressão Quantílica para observar o modelo.
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